The Neo-Babylonian Empire

The Neo-Babylonian Empire dominates southern Mesopotamia, with Babylon once again becoming a major political and cultural centre.

Nebuchadnezzar II rules Babylon. He expands the empire and carries out major building projects, including the reconstruction of temples, walls and ceremonial structures.

The famous Ishtar Gate of Babylon is completed during the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II.

Cyrus the Great of Persia conquers Babylon. Mesopotamia becomes part of the Achaemenid Persian Empire.

Alexander the Great defeats the Persian Empire and takes control of Mesopotamia. Babylon briefly becomes an important centre of his empire.

Alexander the Great dies in Babylon. His empire is divided among his generals, and Mesopotamia later becomes part of the Seleucid Empire.