:root {
  --ink: #151410;
  --paper: #f2eee3;
  --paper-deep: #e4dccb;
  --red: #8f1d1d;
  --red-dark: #591313;
  --gold: #c6a15b;
  --gold-light: #e2c888;
  --muted: #6c665b;
  --line: rgba(21, 20, 16, 0.16);
  --white: #fffdf7;
  --max-width: 1240px;
  --header-height: 82px;
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
  font-family: "Inter", system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
  line-height: 1.6;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}
body::before {
  content: "";
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: -1;
  pointer-events: none;
  opacity: .16;
  background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg viewBox='0 0 180 180' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cfilter id='n'%3E%3CfeTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='.95' numOctaves='3' stitchTiles='stitch'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Crect width='100%25' height='100%25' filter='url(%23n)' opacity='.28'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
}
img { max-width: 100%; display: block; }
a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
button, input { font: inherit; }

.scroll-progress {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0 auto auto 0;
  width: 0;
  height: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--gold), var(--gold-light));
  z-index: 100;
}

.site-header {
  height: var(--header-height);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 0 4vw;
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0 0 auto;
  z-index: 20;
  color: var(--white);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.16);
}
.site-header.scrolled {
  position: fixed;
  background: rgba(21,20,16,.92);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(18px);
  backdrop-filter: blur(18px);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 40px rgba(0,0,0,.18);
}
.brand { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 14px; }
.brand-mark {
  font-family: "Cinzel", serif;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .11em;
  color: var(--gold-light);
  font-size: 1.35rem;
}
.brand-copy {
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .2em;
  font-size: .68rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.72);
}
.primary-nav { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 34px; }
.nav-search { width:clamp(130px,12vw,175px); display:flex; align-items:center; border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.35); }
.nav-search input { width:100%; min-width:0; padding:7px 5px 7px 0; border:0; outline:0; color:var(--white); background:transparent; font-size:.72rem; }
.nav-search input::placeholder { color:rgba(255,255,255,.55); }
.nav-search button { padding:7px 0 7px 8px; border:0; color:var(--gold-light); background:transparent; font-size:.62rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.08em; text-transform:uppercase; cursor:pointer; }
.nav-search:focus-within { border-color:var(--gold-light); }
.primary-nav a {
  font-size: .77rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .14em;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.82);
  transition: color .25s ease;
}
.primary-nav a:hover { color: var(--gold-light); }
.primary-nav .nav-cta {
  padding: 11px 17px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(226,200,136,.62);
  color: var(--gold-light);
}
.menu-toggle { display: none; background: transparent; border: 0; width: 42px; height: 42px; padding: 10px; cursor: pointer; }
.menu-toggle span { display: block; width: 100%; height: 1px; background: white; margin: 6px 0; }

.hero {
  min-height: 100svh;
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 130px 7vw 90px;
  color: var(--white);
  overflow: hidden;
  isolation: isolate;
}
.hero-backdrop {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: -3;
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(17,13,10,.90) 0%, rgba(17,13,10,.68) 48%, rgba(17,13,10,.16) 100%),
    linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(17,13,10,.72) 0%, transparent 45%),
    url("https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1552832230-c0197dd311b5?auto=format&fit=crop&w=2200&q=90") center 46% / cover no-repeat;
  transform: scale(1.035);
}
.hero::after {
  content: "ROMA";
  position: absolute;
  right: -2vw;
  bottom: -9vw;
  z-index: -1;
  font-family: "Cinzel", serif;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: clamp(8rem, 24vw, 25rem);
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -.06em;
  color: transparent;
  -webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(255,255,255,.08);
}
.hero-grain {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: -2;
  background: radial-gradient(circle at 75% 28%, rgba(198,161,91,.20), transparent 28%);
}
.hero-content { width: 100%; max-width: 1200px; }
.eyebrow, .section-kicker {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .28em;
  font-size: .72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--gold);
}
.hero h1, h2, h3 {
  font-family: "Cinzel", Georgia, serif;
  line-height: 1.05;
  margin-top: 0;
}
.hero h1 {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  gap: clamp(24px, 3vw, 52px);
  margin-bottom: 28px;
  max-width: 1200px;
  font-size: clamp(3.6rem, 8.2vw, 8.5rem);
  letter-spacing: -.055em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.hero h1 span { max-width: 360px; padding-bottom: .12em; color: var(--gold-light); font-size: .38em; line-height: 1.08; letter-spacing: -.025em; }
.hero-copy { max-width: 680px; margin: 0 0 34px; color: rgba(255,255,255,.75); font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.35vw, 1.18rem); }
.hero-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 14px; }
.button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 50px;
  padding: 0 23px;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: .12em;
  font-size: .72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  transition: transform .25s ease, background .25s ease, color .25s ease;
}
.button:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); }
.button-primary { background: var(--red); color: white; box-shadow: 0 14px 36px rgba(143,29,29,.25); }
.button-primary:hover { background: #a62525; }
.button-ghost { border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.35); color: white; background: rgba(255,255,255,.05); }
.button-ghost:hover { background: rgba(255,255,255,.12); }

.hero-fact {
  position: absolute;
  right: 5vw;
  bottom: 72px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 18px;
  padding: 18px 22px;
  width: min(360px, 34vw);
  border-left: 2px solid var(--gold);
  background: rgba(18,15,12,.56);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
}
.fact-number { font-family: "Cinzel", serif; font-size: 2.4rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.22); }
.fact-label, .fact-title, .fact-meta { margin: 0; }
.fact-label { color: var(--gold-light); font-size: .65rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .18em; }
.fact-title { font-family: "Cinzel", serif; font-size: 1.08rem; }
.fact-meta { color: rgba(255,255,255,.55); font-size: .76rem; }
.scroll-cue {
  position: absolute;
  left: 50%;
  bottom: 22px;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  font-size: .58rem;
  letter-spacing: .18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.52);
}
.scroll-cue i { display: block; width: 1px; height: 30px; background: linear-gradient(var(--gold), transparent); animation: pulse 1.8s infinite; }
@keyframes pulse { 0%,100% { opacity: .35; transform: scaleY(.65); transform-origin: top; } 50% { opacity: 1; transform: scaleY(1); } }

.section { padding: clamp(74px, 9vw, 130px) 6vw; }
.intro { max-width: var(--max-width); margin: 0 auto; }
.intro-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 9vw; align-items: start; }
.intro-heading h2, .section-header h2, .world-copy h2, .legacy-copy h2, .newsletter h2 {
  font-size: clamp(2.35rem, 4.8vw, 5rem);
  letter-spacing: -.04em;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.intro-copy { padding-top: 8px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 1.05rem; }
.intro-copy p:first-child::first-letter {
  float: left;
  font-family: "Cinzel", serif;
  color: var(--red);
  font-size: 4.6rem;
  line-height: .75;
  padding: .18em .13em 0 0;
}
.stats-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4,1fr); gap: 1px; margin-top: 80px; background: var(--line); border: 1px solid var(--line); }
.stat-card { background: var(--paper); padding: 30px; min-height: 150px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: space-between; }
.stat-card strong { font-family: "Cinzel", serif; font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 3vw, 3rem); color: var(--red); }
.stat-card span { font-size: .76rem; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--muted); }

.timeline-section { background: var(--ink); color: var(--white); }
.section-header { max-width: var(--max-width); margin: 0 auto 58px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.3fr .7fr; gap: 7vw; align-items: end; }
.section-header p:last-child { margin: 0; color: rgba(255,255,255,.58); max-width: 420px; }
.timeline-section .section-header h2 { margin-bottom: 0; }
.timeline { max-width: var(--max-width); margin: 0 auto; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4,1fr); border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14); border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14); }
.timeline-card { position: relative; min-height: 340px; padding: 34px 28px 28px; border-right: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14); overflow: hidden; transition: background .3s ease, transform .3s ease; }
.timeline-card:first-child { border-left: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14); }
.timeline-card:hover, .timeline-card.featured { background: var(--red-dark); transform: translateY(-8px); }
.timeline-year { font-size: .68rem; letter-spacing: .16em; text-transform: uppercase; color: var(--gold-light); }
.timeline-card h3 { margin: 64px 0 14px; font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 2.3vw, 2.35rem); }
.timeline-card p { color: rgba(255,255,255,.60); font-size: .9rem; }
.timeline-index { position: absolute; right: 15px; bottom: -34px; font-family: "Cinzel", serif; font-size: 8rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,.055); }

.world-section { max-width: var(--max-width); margin: 0 auto; display: grid; grid-template-columns: .72fr 1.28fr; gap: 6vw; align-items: start; }
.world-copy { position: sticky; top: 130px; }
.world-copy h2 { margin-bottom: 26px; }
.world-copy > p:not(.section-kicker) { color: var(--muted); max-width: 480px; }
.text-link { display: inline-flex; gap: 12px; margin-top: 22px; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .12em; font-weight: 700; font-size: .72rem; color: var(--red); }
.topic-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2,1fr); gap: 18px; }
.topic-card { min-height: 310px; position: relative; overflow: hidden; color: white; isolation: isolate; background-position: center; background-size: cover; }
.topic-card::before { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -2; background: inherit; transition: transform .7s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.2,1); }
.topic-card:hover::before { transform: scale(1.075); }
.topic-large { grid-column: span 2; min-height: 520px; }
.architecture { background-image: url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Pont_du_Gard_3.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original"); }
.legion { background-image: url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original"); }
.daily-life { background-image: url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Plato%27s_Academy_mosaic_from_Pompeii.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original"); }
.senate { grid-column: span 2; background-image: url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Cicero_Denounces_Catiline_in_the_Roman_Senate_by_Cesare_Maccari.png?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original"); }
.topic-overlay { position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -1; background: linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(13,11,9,.90), rgba(13,11,9,.08) 70%); }
.topic-content { position: absolute; inset: auto 30px 28px; }
.topic-content span { color: var(--gold-light); font-size: .66rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .19em; }
.topic-content h3 { margin: 8px 0 0; font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.5vw, 2.8rem); }
.topic-content p { max-width: 560px; color: rgba(255,255,255,.68); margin-bottom: 0; }

.quote-section { min-height: 440px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr minmax(0,760px) 1fr; align-items: center; text-align: center; background: var(--paper-deep); overflow: hidden; }
.quote-section blockquote { margin: 0; }
.quote-section p { margin: 0 0 20px; font-family: "Cinzel", serif; font-size: clamp(2rem, 4.4vw, 4.6rem); line-height: 1.2; }
.quote-section cite { color: var(--red); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .2em; font-style: normal; font-size: .7rem; font-weight: 700; }
.laurel { font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: clamp(5rem, 11vw, 12rem); color: rgba(143,29,29,.12); }
.laurel-left { transform: rotate(-30deg); }
.laurel-right { transform: scaleX(-1) rotate(-30deg); }

.figures-section { max-width: var(--max-width); margin: 0 auto; }
.figures-section .section-header { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; color: var(--ink); }
.figures-section .section-header p:last-child { color: var(--muted); }
.figures-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr); gap: 22px; }
.figure-card { background: #e8e0d0; border: 1px solid rgba(21,20,16,.1); transition: transform .3s ease, box-shadow .3s ease; }
.figure-card:hover { transform: translateY(-9px); box-shadow: 0 28px 60px rgba(40,28,15,.15); }
.figure-portrait { height: 390px; display: grid; place-items: end start; padding: 22px; position: relative; overflow: hidden; isolation: isolate; background: #cfc4ae; }
.figure-portrait::before { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -2; background-position: center; background-size: cover; filter: grayscale(1) sepia(.25); transition: transform .7s ease; }
.figure-card:hover .figure-portrait::before { transform: scale(1.05); }
.figure-portrait::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -1; background: linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(15,12,9,.78), transparent 55%); }
.figure-portrait span { color: rgba(255,255,255,.8); font-family: "Cinzel", serif; letter-spacing: .18em; font-size: .7rem; }
.caesar::before { background-image: url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Retrato_de_Julio_C%C3%A9sar_%2826724093101%29_%28cropped%29.jpg"); }
.augustus::before { background-image: url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Augustus_of_Prima_Porta.jpg"); }
.trajan::before { background-image: url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Traianus_Glyptothek_Munich_72.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original"); }
.figure-copy { padding: 28px; }
.figure-copy span { color: var(--red); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .13em; font-size: .66rem; font-weight: 700; }
.figure-copy h3 { margin: 8px 0 12px; font-size: 1.6rem; }
.figure-copy p { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: .9rem; }

.legacy-section { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.15fr .85fr; min-height: 680px; background: var(--red-dark); color: white; }
.legacy-image { min-height: 540px; background: linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(41,12,9,.24), rgba(41,12,9,.05)), url("assets/trevi-fountain.jpg") center / cover no-repeat; }
.legacy-copy { padding: clamp(60px, 8vw, 120px); display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; }
.legacy-copy h2 { margin-bottom: 26px; }
.legacy-copy > p:not(.section-kicker) { color: rgba(255,255,255,.7); }
.legacy-tags { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; margin-top: 28px; }
.legacy-tags span { border: 1px solid rgba(226,200,136,.36); color: var(--gold-light); padding: 8px 12px; font-size: .68rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .1em; }

.newsletter { max-width: var(--max-width); margin: 0 auto; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 7vw; align-items: end; }
.newsletter h2 { margin-bottom: 20px; }
.newsletter-copy > p:last-child { color: var(--muted); }
.newsletter-form { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink); position: relative; }
.newsletter-form input { min-width: 0; border: 0; background: transparent; padding: 17px 2px; outline: none; color: var(--ink); }
.newsletter-form button { border: 0; background: transparent; color: var(--red); font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .12em; font-size: .7rem; cursor: pointer; padding: 0 0 0 18px; }
.form-message { grid-column: 1 / -1; margin: 10px 0 0; min-height: 1.3em; font-size: .82rem; color: var(--red); }

.site-footer { background: var(--ink); color: white; padding: 78px 6vw 28px; }
.footer-brand { max-width: var(--max-width); margin: 0 auto 70px; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 30px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.13); padding-bottom: 45px; }
.footer-brand p { max-width: 380px; margin: 0; color: rgba(255,255,255,.5); }
.footer-links { max-width: var(--max-width); margin: 0 auto 70px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr); gap: 40px; }
.footer-links h3 { color: var(--gold-light); font-size: .8rem; letter-spacing: .14em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.footer-links a { display: block; color: rgba(255,255,255,.55); margin: 8px 0; font-size: .86rem; }
.footer-links a:hover { color: white; }
.footer-bottom { max-width: var(--max-width); margin: 0 auto; display: flex; justify-content: space-between; padding-top: 22px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.11); color: rgba(255,255,255,.42); font-size: .74rem; }

.reveal { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(26px); transition: opacity .8s ease, transform .8s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.2,1); }
.reveal.visible { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
.sr-only { position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px; padding: 0; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0,0,0,0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0; }

@media (max-width: 1000px) {
  .site-header { padding: 0 24px; }
  .menu-toggle { display: block; }
  .primary-nav {
    position: fixed;
    inset: var(--header-height) 0 auto;
    display: grid;
    gap: 0;
    padding: 24px;
    background: rgba(21,20,16,.98);
    transform: translateY(-130%);
    transition: transform .35s ease;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);
  }
  .primary-nav.open { transform: translateY(0); }
  .nav-search { width:100%; margin-bottom:8px; padding-bottom:12px; }
  .nav-search input { padding:12px 4px 12px 0; }
  .primary-nav a { padding: 16px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1); }
  .primary-nav .nav-cta { border: 0; }
  .hero-fact { display: none; }
  .intro-grid, .world-section, .legacy-section, .newsletter { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .stats-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2,1fr); }
  .timeline { grid-template-columns: repeat(2,1fr); }
  .timeline-card:nth-child(2) { border-right: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14); }
  .world-copy { position: static; }
  .figures-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .figure-card:last-child { grid-column: span 2; }
  .legacy-copy { padding: 70px 7vw; }
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {
  :root { --header-height: 72px; }
  .brand-copy { display: none; }
  .hero { padding: 118px 24px 88px; }
  .hero h1 { display:block; font-size:clamp(3rem,15vw,5rem); }
  .hero h1 span { display:block; max-width:none; margin-top:.18em; padding-bottom:0; font-size:.55em; }
  .scroll-cue { display: none; }
  .section { padding: 70px 24px; }
  .intro-grid, .section-header { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 24px; }
  .stats-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; margin-top: 52px; }
  .stat-card { min-height: 125px; }
  .timeline { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .timeline-card, .timeline-card:first-child { border-left: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14); }
  .timeline-card { min-height: 275px; }
  .timeline-card h3 { margin-top: 44px; }
  .topic-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .topic-large, .senate { grid-column: auto; min-height: 390px; }
  .topic-card { min-height: 320px; }
  .quote-section { grid-template-columns: 1fr; min-height: 370px; }
  .laurel { display: none; }
  .figures-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .figure-card:last-child { grid-column: auto; }
  .figure-portrait { height: 330px; }
  .legacy-image { min-height: 420px; }
  .newsletter-form { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .newsletter-form button { padding: 14px 0; text-align: left; }
  .footer-brand { display: block; }
  .footer-brand p { margin-top: 18px; }
  .footer-links { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .footer-bottom { display: block; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after { scroll-behavior: auto !important; animation-duration: .01ms !important; animation-iteration-count: 1 !important; transition-duration: .01ms !important; }
  .reveal { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
}


/* Multi-page navigation and interior layouts */
.primary-nav { gap: clamp(15px, 1.8vw, 28px); }
.primary-nav a.active { color: var(--gold-light); }
.primary-nav a.active::after { content: ""; display: block; height: 1px; margin-top: 6px; background: var(--gold); }
.section-button { margin-top: 34px; }
.button-footer { border-color: rgba(226,200,136,.45); color: var(--gold-light); align-self: center; }
.content-shell { width: min(calc(100% - 12vw), var(--max-width)); margin-inline: auto; }
.dark-section { background: var(--ink); color: var(--white); }
.inner-page .site-header { position: absolute; }
.inner-page .site-header.scrolled { position: fixed; }
.page-hero { min-height: 76svh; padding: 150px 7vw 82px; display: grid; align-content: end; position: relative; color: white; isolation: isolate; overflow: hidden; }
.page-hero::before { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -2; background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(13,11,9,.93), rgba(13,11,9,.55) 58%, rgba(13,11,9,.18)), linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(13,11,9,.88), transparent 55%), var(--page-image) center / cover no-repeat; }
.page-hero::after { content: attr(data-word); position: absolute; right: -2vw; bottom: -4vw; z-index: -1; font-family: "Cinzel",serif; font-size: clamp(8rem,22vw,22rem); color: transparent; -webkit-text-stroke: 1px rgba(255,255,255,.07); }
.page-hero-content { max-width: 970px; }
.page-hero h1 { margin: 0 0 24px; max-width: 950px; font-family: "Cinzel",serif; font-size: clamp(3.6rem,8vw,8.4rem); line-height: .95; letter-spacing: -.055em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.page-hero-content > p:last-child { max-width: 720px; margin: 0; color: rgba(255,255,255,.72); font-size: clamp(1rem,1.4vw,1.2rem); }
.page-hero-meta { position: absolute; right: 6vw; bottom: 55px; width: 260px; padding-left: 18px; border-left: 1px solid var(--gold); }
.page-hero-meta span { display: block; color: var(--gold-light); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .18em; font-size: .62rem; }
.page-hero-meta strong { display: block; margin-top: 6px; font-family: "Cinzel",serif; font-weight: 500; }
.chapter-intro { display: grid; grid-template-columns: .25fr 1fr 1fr; gap: 5vw; align-items: start; }
.chapter-number { font-family: "Cinzel",serif; font-size: clamp(6rem,11vw,11rem); line-height: .75; color: rgba(143,29,29,.14); }
.chapter-lead h2, .narrative-heading h2, .collapse-copy h2, .figures-intro h2, .warfare-lead h2, .empire-intro h2, .world-intro h2, .trade-copy h2, .city-grid h2, .map-copy h2, .pax-copy h2, .transformation-section h2 { font-size: clamp(2.3rem,4.7vw,5rem); letter-spacing: -.04em; }
.chapter-copy, .warfare-copy, .empire-intro > div:last-child, .world-intro > div:last-child, .figures-intro > p { color: var(--muted); font-size: 1.03rem; }
.story-stripe { padding: 95px 0; }
.story-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: .8fr 1.2fr; min-height: 540px; }
.story-panel { padding: 60px 7vw 60px 0; align-self: center; }
.story-panel > span { color: var(--gold-light); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .2em; font-size: .68rem; }
.story-panel h2 { margin: 14px 0 22px; font-size: clamp(2.8rem,5vw,5.4rem); }
.story-panel p { color: rgba(255,255,255,.63); }
.light-link { color: var(--gold-light); }
.story-image, .collapse-image, .city-image, .equipment-image { background-position: center; background-size: cover; }
.image-kings { background-image: linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(20,14,10,.25),transparent),url('assets/nero.jpg'); }
.narrative-section { display: grid; grid-template-columns: .8fr 1.2fr; gap: 7vw; }
.standfirst { color: var(--muted); font-size: 1.06rem; }
.narrative-columns { columns: 2; column-gap: 42px; color: var(--muted); }
.narrative-columns p:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.pull-quote { grid-column: 1/-1; margin-top: 42px; padding: 42px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: auto 1fr; gap: 32px; align-items: center; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.pull-quote span { font-family: "Cinzel",serif; color: var(--red); font-size: 2rem; }
.pull-quote p { margin: 0; font-family: "Cinzel",serif; font-size: clamp(1.35rem,2.4vw,2.4rem); line-height: 1.35; }
.collapse-section { min-height: 680px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.15fr .85fr; background: var(--red-dark); color: white; }
.collapse-image { min-height: 540px; background-image: linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(65,18,15,.2),transparent),url('assets/civil-war.png'); }
.collapse-copy { padding: clamp(58px,7vw,110px); align-self: center; }
.collapse-copy p:not(.section-kicker) { color: rgba(255,255,255,.68); }
.collapse-copy .button { margin-top: 20px; }
.era-cards { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3,1fr); gap: 1px; background: var(--line); }
.era-card { background: var(--paper); padding: 40px; min-height: 280px; }
.era-card span, .battle-list span { color: var(--red); font-size: .7rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .17em; font-weight: 700; }
.era-card h3 { margin: 58px 0 12px; font-size: 1.7rem; }
.era-card p { color: var(--muted); }
.next-chapter { padding: 34px 6vw; background: #d9d0be; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 30px; }
.next-chapter > p { color: var(--muted); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .16em; font-size: .68rem; }
.next-chapter a { min-width: min(620px,70vw); display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; align-items: center; column-gap: 28px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ink); padding: 16px 0; }
.next-chapter a span { display:block; color:var(--red); font-size:.65rem; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.15em; }
.next-chapter a strong { font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:clamp(1.4rem,2.5vw,2.6rem); }
.next-chapter a i { grid-column:2; grid-row:1/3; font-size:2rem; font-style:normal; }
.timeline-overview, .world-intro, .figures-intro, .warfare-intro, .empire-intro { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:8vw; align-items:end; }
.timeline-overview h2, .figures-intro h2, .warfare-intro h2, .empire-intro h2, .world-intro h2 { margin-bottom:0; }
.timeline-overview > div:last-child, .world-intro > div:last-child { color:var(--muted); }
.era-key { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:8px; margin-top:25px; }
.era-key span { padding:7px 10px; border:1px solid var(--line); color:var(--red); font-size:.65rem; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.12em; }
.chronology { position:relative; padding-bottom:110px; }
.chronology::before { content:""; position:absolute; left:calc(24% + 7px); top:0; bottom:110px; width:1px; background:var(--line); }
.chronology-item { display:grid; grid-template-columns:24% 15px 1fr; gap:34px; padding:0 0 58px; }
.chronology-date { font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:clamp(1.2rem,2.2vw,2.2rem); text-align:right; color:var(--red); }
.chronology-marker { width:15px; height:15px; margin-top:8px; border:3px solid var(--paper); border-radius:50%; background:var(--gold); box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--red); z-index:1; }
.chronology-copy { max-width:760px; padding-bottom:28px; border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); transition:border-color .25s ease; }
.chronology-copy h2 { margin:0 0 10px; font-size:clamp(1.45rem,2.5vw,2.6rem); }
.chronology-copy p { margin:0; color:var(--muted); }
.chronology-copy span { display:inline-block; margin-top:18px; color:var(--red); font-size:.65rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.14em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.chronology-copy:hover { border-color:var(--red); }
.chronology-copy:hover h2 { color:var(--red); }
.timeline-banner { min-height:430px; padding:80px 7vw; display:flex; align-items:end; justify-content:space-between; gap:40px; color:white; background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(19,15,11,.87),rgba(19,15,11,.28)),url('https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Colosseo_2020.jpg') center/cover; }
.timeline-banner h2 { max-width:700px; margin:0; font-size:clamp(2.6rem,5vw,5rem); }
.province-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr); gap:18px; padding-bottom:110px; }
.province-card { min-height:380px; position:relative; display:flex; align-items:end; overflow:hidden; color:white; isolation:isolate; background-size:cover; background-position:center; }
.province-card::before { content:""; position:absolute; inset:0; z-index:-2; background:inherit; transition:transform .7s ease; }
.province-card:hover::before { transform:scale(1.06); }
.province-card::after { content:""; position:absolute; inset:0; z-index:-1; background:linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(14,11,8,.92),rgba(14,11,8,.05) 70%); }
.province-card-copy { padding:30px; }
.province-card span { color:var(--gold-light); text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.18em; font-size:.65rem; }
.province-card h3 { margin:8px 0; font-size:clamp(1.5rem,2.4vw,2.4rem); }
.province-card p { max-width:520px; margin:0; color:rgba(255,255,255,.65); }
.world-italy{background-image:url('https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1552832230-c0197dd311b5?auto=format&fit=crop&w=1200&q=85')}.world-spain{background-image:url('https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Lady_of_Elche_at_the_National_Arquaeological_Museum%2C_Madrid_%28Spain%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original')}.world-gaul{background-image:url('https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Le_Palais_Gallien_vestige_gallo-romain_%C3%A0_Bordeaux.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original')}.world-britain{background-image:url('assets/hadrians-wall.jpg')}.world-africa{background-image:url('https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Parc_villas_cryptoportique_Carthage.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original')}.world-egypt{background-image:url('https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1503177119275-0aa32b3a9368?auto=format&fit=crop&w=1200&q=85')}.world-east{background-image:url('https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Sack_of_Corinth_by_Thomas_Allom_1870.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original')}.world-syria{background-image:url('https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original')}
.city-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1.15fr .85fr; gap:7vw; align-items:center; }
.city-image { min-height:590px; background-image:url('https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/20190406-DSC5193_Panteon.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original'); }
.city-grid > div:last-child > p:not(.section-kicker) { color:rgba(255,255,255,.64); }
.feature-list { display:grid; gap:1px; margin-top:30px; background:rgba(255,255,255,.12); }
.feature-list span { display:grid; grid-template-columns:100px 1fr; gap:18px; padding:15px; background:var(--ink); color:rgba(255,255,255,.58); }
.feature-list b { color:var(--gold-light); font-family:"Cinzel",serif; }
.trade-section { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:8vw; }
.trade-copy p:not(.section-kicker) { color:var(--muted); }
.trade-stats { border-top:1px solid var(--line); }
.trade-stats div { display:grid; grid-template-columns:150px 1fr; gap:20px; padding:23px 0; border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); }
.trade-stats strong { font-family:"Cinzel",serif; color:var(--red); }
.trade-stats span { color:var(--muted); }

/* Roman society */
.society-hero::before { background-position:center 26%; }
.society-topic-nav { position:relative; z-index:3; border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); background:#e4dccb; }
.society-topic-nav .content-shell { display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; gap:0; overflow-x:auto; scrollbar-width:thin; }
.society-topic-nav a { flex:0 0 auto; padding:20px clamp(14px,2vw,28px); border-right:1px solid var(--line); color:var(--muted); font-size:.67rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.13em; text-transform:uppercase; transition:color .2s ease,background .2s ease; }
.society-topic-nav a:first-child { border-left:1px solid var(--line); }
.society-topic-nav a:hover,.society-topic-nav a:focus-visible { color:var(--red); background:rgba(255,253,247,.5); }
.society-intro,.voices-section { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:8vw; align-items:start; }
.society-intro h2,.status-section h2,.household-copy h2,.daily-heading h2,.citizenship-banner h2,.voices-section h2 { font-size:clamp(2.3rem,4.7vw,5rem); letter-spacing:-.04em; }
.society-intro h2,.voices-section h2 { margin-bottom:0; }
.society-intro-copy { color:var(--muted); font-size:1.03rem; }
.status-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(5,1fr); border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15); border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15); }
.status-card { min-height:380px; padding:34px 25px; border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15); }
.status-card:first-child { border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15); }
.status-card > span { color:var(--gold-light); font-size:.65rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.17em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.status-card h3 { margin:100px 0 14px; font-size:clamp(1.3rem,1.8vw,1.8rem); }
.status-card p { margin:0; color:rgba(255,255,255,.58); font-size:.88rem; }
.status-card,.daily-card { position:relative; transition:background .25s ease,transform .25s ease; }
.status-card:hover,.status-card:focus-visible { background:var(--red-dark); transform:translateY(-6px); }
.status-card i { position:absolute; right:24px; bottom:20px; color:var(--gold-light); font-size:1.25rem; font-style:normal; opacity:0; transform:translateX(-8px); transition:opacity .25s ease,transform .25s ease; }
.status-card:hover i,.status-card:focus-visible i { opacity:1; transform:none; }
.household-section { min-height:720px; display:grid; grid-template-columns:1.08fr .92fr; background:#ded4c1; }
.household-image { min-height:620px; background:linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(22,15,10,.18),transparent),url('https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/20190406-DSC5193_Panteon.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original') center/cover; }
.household-copy { align-self:center; padding:clamp(60px,7vw,110px); }
.household-copy > p:not(.section-kicker) { color:var(--muted); }
.society-facts { margin-top:34px; border-top:1px solid var(--line); }
.society-facts article { display:grid; grid-template-columns:120px 1fr; gap:20px; padding:18px 0; border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); }
.society-facts strong { font-family:"Cinzel",serif; color:var(--red); }
.society-facts span { color:var(--muted); }
.daily-heading { max-width:820px; }
.daily-heading > p:last-child { color:var(--muted); }
.daily-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr); gap:1px; margin-top:55px; background:var(--line); border:1px solid var(--line); }
.daily-card { min-height:310px; padding:38px; background:var(--paper); }
.daily-card > span { color:var(--red); font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:2.5rem; opacity:.25; }
.daily-card h3 { margin:52px 0 13px; font-size:1.65rem; }
.daily-card p { margin:0; color:var(--muted); }
.daily-card i { display:inline-block; margin-top:24px; color:var(--red); font-size:.65rem; font-style:normal; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.14em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.daily-card:hover,.daily-card:focus-visible { z-index:1; background:var(--white); transform:translateY(-6px); box-shadow:0 20px 45px rgba(41,28,17,.12); }
.citizenship-banner { min-height:680px; display:flex; align-items:end; padding:90px 8vw; color:white; background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(16,12,9,.92),rgba(16,12,9,.25)),url('https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Foro_Romano_visto_dai_Musei_Capitolini_Roma.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original') center/cover; }
.citizenship-banner > div { max-width:750px; }
.citizenship-banner p:not(.section-kicker) { max-width:680px; color:rgba(255,255,255,.68); }
.citizenship-banner .button { margin-top:22px; }
.voices-copy { color:var(--muted); }
.voices-copy blockquote { margin:34px 0 0; padding:28px 0 28px 30px; border-left:2px solid var(--gold); color:var(--ink); font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:clamp(1.25rem,2vw,1.8rem); line-height:1.45; }

/* Roman culture */
.culture-hero::before { background-position:center 42%; }
.culture-intro,.spectacle-section,.culture-legacy-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:8vw; align-items:start; }
.culture-intro h2,.culture-pillars h2,.art-copy h2,.words-heading h2,.architecture-culture-banner h2,.spectacle-section h2,.culture-legacy h2 { font-size:clamp(2.3rem,4.7vw,5rem); letter-spacing:-.04em; }
.culture-intro h2,.spectacle-section h2,.culture-legacy h2 { margin-bottom:0; }
.culture-intro-copy { color:var(--muted); font-size:1.03rem; }
.culture-pillar-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr); border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15); border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15); }
.culture-pillar { min-height:370px; padding:34px 28px; border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15); }
.culture-pillar:first-child { border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15); }
.culture-pillar > span { color:rgba(255,255,255,.18); font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:2.8rem; }
.culture-pillar h3 { margin:75px 0 14px; font-size:1.65rem; }
.culture-pillar p { margin:0; color:rgba(255,255,255,.58); font-size:.9rem; }
.culture-pillar { position:relative; transition:background .25s ease,transform .25s ease; }
.culture-pillar:hover,.culture-pillar:focus-visible { z-index:1; background:var(--red-dark); transform:translateY(-6px); }
.culture-pillar i { display:inline-block; margin-top:24px; color:var(--gold-light); font-size:.62rem; font-style:normal; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.14em; text-transform:uppercase; opacity:.72; }
.art-section { min-height:720px; display:grid; grid-template-columns:1.05fr .95fr; background:#ded4c1; }
.art-image { min-height:620px; background:linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(22,15,10,.12),transparent),url('assets/nero.jpg') center 24%/cover; }
.art-copy { align-self:center; padding:clamp(60px,7vw,110px); }
.art-copy > p:not(.section-kicker) { color:var(--muted); }
.art-forms { margin-top:34px; border-top:1px solid var(--line); }
.art-forms > a { display:grid; grid-template-columns:120px 1fr; gap:20px; padding:18px 0; border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); transition:padding .2s ease,background .2s ease; }
.art-forms > a:hover,.art-forms > a:focus-visible { padding-right:12px; padding-left:12px; background:rgba(255,255,255,.35); }
.art-forms strong { color:var(--red); font-family:"Cinzel",serif; }
.art-forms span { color:var(--muted); }
.words-heading { max-width:850px; }
.words-heading > p:last-child { color:var(--muted); }
.words-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr); gap:1px; margin-top:55px; background:var(--line); border:1px solid var(--line); }
.word-card { min-height:340px; padding:34px; background:var(--paper); transition:transform .25s ease,background .25s ease,box-shadow .25s ease; }
.word-card:hover,.word-card:focus-visible { z-index:1; background:var(--white); transform:translateY(-6px); box-shadow:0 20px 45px rgba(41,28,17,.12); }
.word-card small { color:var(--red); font-size:.65rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.17em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.word-card h3 { margin:80px 0 14px; font-size:1.65rem; }
.word-card p { margin:0; color:var(--muted); font-size:.9rem; }
.architecture-culture-banner { min-height:680px; display:flex; align-items:end; padding:90px 8vw; color:white; background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(16,12,9,.92),rgba(16,12,9,.2)),url('https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Pont_du_Gard_3.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original') center/cover; }
.architecture-culture-banner > div { max-width:780px; }
.architecture-culture-banner p:not(.section-kicker) { max-width:700px; color:rgba(255,255,255,.68); }
.architecture-culture-banner .button { margin-top:22px; }
.spectacle-copy { color:var(--muted); }
.spectacle-list { display:grid; gap:1px; margin-top:30px; background:var(--line); }
.spectacle-list span { display:grid; grid-template-columns:400px 1fr; gap:18px; padding:16px; background:var(--paper); }
.spectacle-list b { color:var(--red); font-family:"Cinzel",serif;  width:500px; }
.culture-legacy-grid > div:last-child { color:rgba(255,255,255,.62); width:500px; }
.culture-legacy .light-link { color:var(--gold-light); }

/* Roman society article detail */
.page-society-detail .skip-link { position:fixed; top:1rem; left:1rem; z-index:1000; padding:.75rem 1rem; color:white; background:var(--red-dark); transform:translateY(-180%); transition:transform .18s ease; }
.page-society-detail .skip-link:focus { transform:translateY(0); }
.society-detail-hero { min-height:88svh; display:grid; grid-template-columns:minmax(330px,.68fr) 1.32fr; padding-top:var(--header-height); color:var(--white); background:var(--ink); }
.society-detail-record { min-height:720px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; align-items:center; justify-content:center; padding:55px; background:radial-gradient(circle at 50% 45%,rgba(198,161,91,.2),transparent 30%),linear-gradient(145deg,#6d1d1d,#1d1510 72%); }
.society-detail-record span,.society-detail-record small { color:var(--gold-light); font-size:.65rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.2em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.society-detail-record strong { margin:18px 0; font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:clamp(6rem,13vw,13rem); font-weight:500; line-height:1; color:rgba(255,255,255,.9); }
.society-detail-record small { color:rgba(255,255,255,.4); text-align:center; }
.society-detail-lead { align-self:center; max-width:980px; padding:clamp(70px,8vw,135px); }
.society-detail-lead h1 { max-width:920px; margin:0 0 28px; font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:clamp(3rem,6vw,6.5rem); line-height:.98; letter-spacing:-.055em; }
.society-detail-lead .eyebrow { color:var(--gold-light); }
.society-detail-lead .figure-breadcrumb { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:9px; }
.figure-gallery-section { padding-bottom:110px; }
.gallery-heading { display:flex; align-items:end; justify-content:space-between; gap:40px; margin-bottom:28px; padding-top:8px; border-top:1px solid var(--line); }
.gallery-heading h2 { margin:5px 0 0; font-size:clamp(2rem,4vw,4rem); }
.gallery-heading .section-kicker { margin-top:28px; }
.figure-search { width:min(100%,360px); display:grid; gap:8px; }
.figure-search span { color:var(--muted); font-size:.67rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.15em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.figure-search input { width:100%; padding:14px 16px; color:var(--ink); background:rgba(255,253,247,.56); border:1px solid var(--line); border-radius:0; outline:none; transition:border-color .2s ease,box-shadow .2s ease; }
.figure-search input:focus { border-color:var(--red); box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(143,29,29,.1); }
.gallery-status { margin:0 0 20px; color:var(--muted); font-size:.78rem; letter-spacing:.04em; }
.gallery-status strong { color:var(--red); }
.gallery-notice { padding:28px; border:1px solid var(--line); color:var(--muted); background:rgba(255,253,247,.46); }
.gallery-empty { margin-top:20px; }
.profile-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr); gap:20px; }
.profile-card { min-width:0; min-height:500px; background:#e7dfcf; border:1px solid rgba(21,20,16,.1); transition:transform .3s ease,box-shadow .3s ease; }
.profile-card[hidden] { display:none; }
.profile-card:hover,.profile-card:focus-within { transform:translateY(-8px); box-shadow:0 24px 50px rgba(41,28,17,.14); }
.profile-card-link { display:flex; height:100%; flex-direction:column; }
.profile-image { height:400px; display:grid; place-items:center; position:relative; overflow:hidden; isolation:isolate; background:linear-gradient(145deg,#c5b89e,#8f7c61); }
.profile-image img { position:absolute; inset:0; width:100%; height:100%; object-fit:cover; object-position:center 24%; filter:grayscale(1) sepia(.24); transition:transform .6s ease,filter .4s ease; }
.profile-image::after { content:""; position:absolute; inset:0; z-index:-1; background:linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(17,13,10,.83),transparent 60%); }
.profile-card:hover .profile-image img { transform:scale(1.055); filter:grayscale(.82) sepia(.18); }
.profile-monogram { font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:5.5rem; color:rgba(255,253,247,.5); }
.profile-copy { padding:25px; display:flex; flex:1; flex-direction:column; }
.profile-copy small { color:var(--red); text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.13em; font-weight:700; }
.profile-copy h3 { margin:8px 0 12px; font-size:1.45rem; }
.profile-copy p { margin:0; color:var(--muted); font-size:.88rem; }
.profile-copy .profile-title { margin:-5px 0 12px; color:var(--red); font-size:.72rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.1em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.profile-read-more { display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:space-between; gap:18px; margin-top:auto; padding-top:24px; color:var(--red); font-size:.67rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.14em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.profile-read-more i { font-size:1.2rem; font-style:normal; transition:transform .25s ease; }
.profile-card:hover .profile-read-more i { transform:translateX(5px); }
.fig-a,.fig-d,.fig-g,.fig-j,.fig-m{--portrait:url('https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Cincinnatus_at_Sch%C3%B6nbrunn.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original')}.fig-b,.fig-e,.fig-h,.fig-k,.fig-n{--portrait:url('https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Bust_of_Sulla_%28loan_from_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek%29_-_Glyptothek_-_Munich_-_Germany_2017.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original')}
.fig-c{--portrait:url('https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Eugene_Guillaume_-_the_Gracchi_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original')}
.fig-d{--portrait:url('https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Retrato_de_Julio_C%C3%A9sar_%2826724093101%29_%28cropped%29.jpg')}
.fig-f{--portrait:url('https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Augustus_of_Prima_Porta.jpg?utm_source=commons.wikimedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original')}
.figure-spotlight { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; background:var(--red-dark); color:white; }
.spotlight-copy { padding:clamp(65px,8vw,120px); }
.spotlight-copy h2 { font-size:clamp(2.6rem,5vw,5rem); }
.spotlight-copy p { color:rgba(255,255,255,.66); }
.spotlight-quote { min-height:600px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; justify-content:end; padding:70px; background:linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(13,9,7,.92),rgba(13,9,7,.08)),url('https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1608130805577-4db85831fc44?auto=format&fit=crop&w=1300&q=88') center/cover; }
.spotlight-quote span { color:var(--gold-light); letter-spacing:.3em; font-size:.7rem; }
.spotlight-quote p { max-width:500px; font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:clamp(1.6rem,3vw,3rem); line-height:1.25; }
.legion-anatomy .section-header { margin-bottom:45px; }
.rank-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr); border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15); border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15); }
.rank-card { padding:35px 25px; min-height:310px; border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15); }
.rank-card:first-child { border-left:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15); }
.rank-card span { font-family:"Cinzel",serif; color:rgba(255,255,255,.18); font-size:3rem; }
.rank-card h3 { margin:65px 0 12px; }
.rank-card p { color:rgba(255,255,255,.58); font-size:.9rem; }
.equipment-section { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1.1fr .9fr; min-height:700px; }
.equipment-image { background-image:linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(18,13,9,.18),transparent),url('https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1591289009723-aef0a1a8a211?auto=format&fit=crop&w=1500&q=88'); }
.equipment-copy { padding:clamp(60px,8vw,115px); background:#ded4c1; }
.equipment-copy h2 { font-size:clamp(2.8rem,5vw,5.4rem); }
.equipment-list article { display:grid; grid-template-columns:100px 1fr; gap:20px; padding:18px 0; border-top:1px solid var(--line); }
.equipment-list article:last-child { border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); }
.equipment-list b { font-family:"Cinzel",serif; color:var(--red); }
.equipment-list span { color:var(--muted); }
.campaign-section > div:first-child { max-width:760px; }
.campaign-section h2 { font-size:clamp(2.5rem,5vw,5rem); }
.campaign-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr); gap:18px; margin-top:55px; }
.campaign-card { min-height:330px; padding:32px; border:1px solid var(--line); display:flex; flex-direction:column; justify-content:end; }
.campaign-card span { color:var(--red); text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.15em; font-size:.65rem; }
.campaign-card h3 { margin:15px 0; font-size:1.6rem; }
.campaign-card p { margin:0; color:var(--muted); }
.battle-banner { min-height:620px; padding:90px 8vw; display:flex; align-items:end; color:white; background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(16,12,9,.88),rgba(16,12,9,.12)),url('assets/rome-defeat.png') center/cover; }
.battle-banner > div { max-width:680px; }
.battle-banner h2 { font-size:clamp(3rem,6vw,6rem); }
.battle-banner p:not(.section-kicker) { color:rgba(255,255,255,.68); }
.battle-list { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr); gap:1px; background:var(--line); }
.battle-list > div { min-height:280px; padding:30px; background:var(--paper); }
.battle-list h3 { margin:70px 0 12px; }
.battle-list p { color:var(--muted); }
.imperial-map { min-height:720px; display:grid; grid-template-columns:.75fr 1.25fr; background:var(--red-dark); color:white; }
.map-copy { padding:clamp(65px,7vw,110px); align-self:center; }
.map-copy p:not(.section-kicker) { color:rgba(255,255,255,.65); }
.map-key { display:grid; gap:12px; margin-top:30px; color:rgba(255,255,255,.55); font-size:.76rem; }
.map-key span { display:flex; gap:12px; align-items:center; }
.map-key i { width:20px; height:2px; background:var(--gold); }
.map-graphic { position:relative; min-height:650px; background:radial-gradient(circle at 48% 52%,rgba(226,200,136,.3),transparent 5%),linear-gradient(135deg,transparent 0 18%,rgba(226,200,136,.08) 18% 20%,transparent 20% 42%,rgba(226,200,136,.08) 42% 44%,transparent 44%),url('https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1526778548025-fa2f459cd5c1?auto=format&fit=crop&w=1600&q=85') center/cover; filter:sepia(.55) contrast(1.05); }
.map-graphic::after { content:""; position:absolute; inset:0; background:rgba(89,19,19,.45); mix-blend-mode:multiply; }
.map-label { position:absolute; z-index:2; font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:.68rem; letter-spacing:.13em; color:white; text-shadow:0 2px 8px #000; }
.label-rome{left:45%;top:49%;color:var(--gold-light);font-size:1rem}.label-britain{left:28%;top:20%}.label-egypt{left:53%;top:69%}.label-syria{left:72%;top:55%}.label-africa{left:33%;top:67%}
.government-section .section-header { color:var(--ink); }
.government-section .section-header > p { color:var(--muted); }
.government-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr); gap:1px; background:var(--line); }
.government-card { min-height:340px; padding:30px; background:var(--paper); }
.government-card span { font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:3rem; color:rgba(143,29,29,.18); }
.government-card h3 { margin:70px 0 12px; }
.government-card p { color:var(--muted); }
.pax-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr .75fr; gap:8vw; }
.pax-copy p:not(.section-kicker) { color:rgba(255,255,255,.63); }
.pax-numbers { border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15); }
.pax-numbers div { padding:25px 0; border-bottom:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15); }
.pax-numbers strong { display:block; font-family:"Cinzel",serif; color:var(--gold-light); font-size:1.8rem; }
.pax-numbers span { color:rgba(255,255,255,.55); }
.transformation-section > div:first-child { max-width:720px; }
.transformation-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr); gap:1px; margin-top:55px; background:var(--line); }
.transformation-grid article { padding:38px; min-height:260px; background:var(--paper); }
.transformation-grid h3 { font-size:1.7rem; }
.transformation-grid p { color:var(--muted); }
.legacy-callout { min-height:620px; display:flex; align-items:end; padding:90px 8vw; color:white; background:linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(15,12,9,.88),rgba(15,12,9,.18)),url('https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1525874684015-58379d421a52?auto=format&fit=crop&w=2000&q=88') center/cover; }
.legacy-callout > div { max-width:760px; }
.legacy-callout h2 { font-size:clamp(3rem,6vw,6rem); }
.legacy-callout p:not(.section-kicker) { color:rgba(255,255,255,.68); }

/* Key figure biography */
.figure-detail-hero { min-height:88svh; display:grid; grid-template-columns:minmax(360px,.82fr) 1.18fr; padding-top:var(--header-height); color:var(--white); background:var(--ink); }
.figure-detail-portrait { min-height:720px; display:grid; place-items:center; overflow:hidden; background:linear-gradient(145deg,#75634f,#241c16); }
.figure-detail-portrait img { width:100%; height:100%; object-fit:cover; object-position:center 22%; filter:grayscale(.88) sepia(.18); }
.figure-detail-portrait span { font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:10rem; color:rgba(255,255,255,.22); }
.figure-detail-lead { align-self:center; max-width:930px; padding:clamp(70px,8vw,135px); }
.figure-detail-lead h1 { max-width:900px; margin:0 0 28px; font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:clamp(3.1rem,6.5vw,7rem); line-height:.98; letter-spacing:-.055em; }
.figure-detail-lead .eyebrow { color:var(--gold-light); }
.figure-breadcrumb { display:inline-block; margin-bottom:70px; color:rgba(255,255,255,.6); font-size:.7rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.15em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.figure-breadcrumb:hover { color:var(--gold-light); }
.figure-standfirst { max-width:760px; margin:0 0 32px; color:rgba(255,255,255,.68); font-size:clamp(1rem,1.4vw,1.18rem); }
.figure-article { display:grid; grid-template-columns:240px minmax(0,760px); justify-content:center; gap:clamp(55px,9vw,135px); padding-top:clamp(80px,10vw,145px); padding-bottom:clamp(90px,12vw,170px); }
.figure-article-meta { align-self:start; position:sticky; top:120px; padding-top:12px; border-top:1px solid var(--line); }
.figure-article-meta h2 { margin:0 0 26px; font-size:1.45rem; }
.figure-article-meta dl { margin:0 0 30px; }
.figure-article-meta dl div { padding:13px 0; border-top:1px solid var(--line); }
.figure-article-meta dl div:last-child { border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); }
.figure-article-meta dt { color:var(--red); font-size:.62rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.14em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.figure-article-meta dd { margin:3px 0 0; color:var(--muted); font-size:.82rem; }
.figure-article-meta > a { color:var(--red); font-size:.72rem; font-weight:700; }
.figure-article-copy h3 { margin:64px 0 20px; font-size:clamp(1.65rem,2.7vw,2.65rem); letter-spacing:-.025em; }
.figure-article-copy h3:first-child { margin-top:0; }
.figure-article-copy p { margin:0 0 24px; color:#49443c; font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size:clamp(1.05rem,1.25vw,1.18rem); line-height:1.85; }
.figure-article-copy p:first-child { color:var(--ink); font-size:clamp(1.18rem,1.6vw,1.38rem); line-height:1.7; }
.figure-record-navigation { display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; background:#d9d0be; }
.figure-record-navigation > a { min-height:190px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; justify-content:center; padding:38px clamp(28px,6vw,90px); border-right:1px solid var(--line); transition:background .25s ease; }
.figure-record-navigation > a:last-child { text-align:right; border-right:0; }
.figure-record-navigation > a:hover { background:#cec2ab; }

/* Image credits */
.credits-page { background:var(--paper); }
.credits-hero { min-height:78svh; padding:calc(var(--header-height) + 90px) 8vw 90px; display:flex; align-items:end; justify-content:space-between; gap:60px; overflow:hidden; color:var(--white); background:radial-gradient(circle at 78% 32%,rgba(198,161,91,.19),transparent 23%),linear-gradient(130deg,#17130f 0 55%,#531616 100%); }
.credits-hero-copy { max-width:780px; }
.credits-hero h1 { margin:14px 0 28px; font-size:clamp(4rem,10vw,9rem); line-height:.78; letter-spacing:-.055em; }
.credits-hero h1 span { color:var(--gold-light); font-weight:500; }
.credits-hero-copy > p:last-child { max-width:630px; color:rgba(255,255,255,.68); font-size:clamp(1rem,1.4vw,1.2rem); line-height:1.8; }
.credits-hero-mark { width:210px; aspect-ratio:1; flex:0 0 auto; display:grid; place-content:center; text-align:center; border:1px solid rgba(226,200,136,.42); border-radius:50%; }
.credits-hero-mark span { display:block; color:var(--gold-light); font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:4rem; line-height:1; }
.credits-hero-mark small { margin-top:10px; color:rgba(255,255,255,.55); font-size:.62rem; letter-spacing:.17em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.credits-intro { display:grid; grid-template-columns:.8fr 1.2fr; gap:clamp(45px,9vw,140px); padding-top:clamp(80px,10vw,145px); padding-bottom:clamp(80px,10vw,145px); }
.credits-intro h2,.credits-heading h2,.credits-contact h2 { margin-top:16px; font-size:clamp(2.25rem,5vw,4.7rem); line-height:1.02; }
.credits-intro > div:last-child { max-width:760px; color:var(--muted); font-size:1.02rem; line-height:1.8; }
.credits-note { margin-top:28px; padding:22px 0 22px 25px; border-left:2px solid var(--gold); }
.credits-section { padding-top:0; padding-bottom:clamp(90px,11vw,160px); }
.credits-heading { max-width:820px; margin-bottom:55px; }
.credits-heading > p:last-child { max-width:650px; margin-top:20px; color:var(--muted); line-height:1.75; }
.credit-list { margin:0; padding:0; list-style:none; border-top:1px solid var(--line); }
.credit-item { display:grid; grid-template-columns:55px minmax(0,1fr) minmax(190px,.35fr); gap:28px; align-items:start; padding:30px 4px; border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); }
.credit-number { padding-top:4px; color:var(--red); font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:.78rem; }
.credit-item h3 { margin:0 0 8px; font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:clamp(1.05rem,2vw,1.35rem); line-height:1.35; }
.credit-item p { margin:0; color:var(--muted); line-height:1.6; }
.credit-item .credit-uses { margin-top:8px; color:#8a7457; font-size:.76rem; letter-spacing:.05em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.credit-links { display:flex; flex-direction:column; align-items:flex-start; gap:9px; }
.credit-links a,.other-credit-grid a { color:var(--red); font-size:.75rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.08em; text-transform:uppercase; text-decoration:none; border-bottom:1px solid rgba(143,29,29,.3); }
.credit-links a:hover,.other-credit-grid a:hover { color:var(--gold); border-color:var(--gold); }
.credits-other { padding-top:clamp(85px,10vw,140px); background:var(--ink); color:var(--white); }
.credits-other .credits-heading > p:last-child { color:rgba(255,255,255,.55); }
.other-credit-grid { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr); gap:1px; background:rgba(255,255,255,.14); border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14); }
.other-credit-grid article { min-height:310px; padding:clamp(28px,4vw,50px); background:var(--ink); }
.other-credit-grid span { color:var(--gold-light); font-size:.68rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.14em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.other-credit-grid h3 { margin:22px 0 18px; font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:1.45rem; }
.other-credit-grid p { margin-bottom:22px; color:rgba(255,255,255,.58); line-height:1.75; }
.other-credit-grid code { color:rgba(255,255,255,.82); font-size:.84em; }
.other-credit-grid a { color:var(--gold-light); border-color:rgba(226,200,136,.35); }
.source-links { display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:8px 18px; margin:0 0 26px; padding:0; list-style:none; }
.source-links a { display:inline; color:rgba(255,255,255,.7); font-size:.64rem; line-height:1.5; }
.credits-contact { padding-top:clamp(95px,12vw,170px); padding-bottom:clamp(95px,12vw,170px); text-align:center; }
.credits-contact p:not(.section-kicker) { max-width:700px; margin:24px auto 0; color:var(--muted); line-height:1.75; }
.credits-contact .credits-audit { font-size:.73rem; letter-spacing:.09em; text-transform:uppercase; }

@media (max-width:800px) {
  .credits-hero { min-height:680px; padding-left:6vw; padding-right:6vw; }
  .credits-hero-mark { display:none; }
  .credits-intro { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
  .credit-item { grid-template-columns:36px minmax(0,1fr); gap:18px; }
  .credit-links { grid-column:2; margin-top:4px; }
  .other-credit-grid { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
  .source-links { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
}

@media (max-width:480px) {
  .credits-hero { min-height:610px; }
  .credits-hero h1 { font-size:3.85rem; }
  .credit-item { grid-template-columns:1fr; }
  .credit-number { display:none; }
  .credit-links { grid-column:1; }
}
.figure-record-navigation span { color:var(--red); font-size:.63rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.16em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.figure-record-navigation strong { margin-top:8px; font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:clamp(1.4rem,2.4vw,2.3rem); }
.figure-record-navigation small { color:var(--muted); }
.figure-not-found { min-height:78svh; display:flex; flex-direction:column; align-items:flex-start; justify-content:center; padding-top:150px; padding-bottom:100px; }
.figure-not-found h1 { margin:0 0 20px; font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:clamp(3rem,7vw,7rem); }
.figure-not-found p:not(.eyebrow) { color:var(--muted); }
.figure-not-found .button { margin-top:20px; }

/* Timeline event detail */
.timeline-detail-hero { min-height:88svh; display:grid; grid-template-columns:minmax(340px,.72fr) 1.28fr; padding-top:var(--header-height); color:var(--white); background:var(--ink); }
.timeline-detail-date { min-height:720px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; align-items:center; justify-content:center; padding:55px; text-align:center; background:radial-gradient(circle at 50% 42%,rgba(204,163,78,.19),transparent 32%),linear-gradient(145deg,#681b1b,#1d1410 72%); }
.timeline-detail-date span,.timeline-detail-date small { color:var(--gold-light); font-size:.65rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.2em; text-transform:uppercase; }
.timeline-detail-date strong { max-width:520px; margin:26px 0; font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:clamp(3.5rem,7vw,7.8rem); font-weight:600; line-height:.92; letter-spacing:-.055em; }
.timeline-detail-date small { color:rgba(255,255,255,.43); }
.timeline-detail-lead { align-self:center; max-width:980px; padding:clamp(70px,8vw,135px); }
.timeline-detail-lead h1 { max-width:940px; margin:0 0 28px; font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:clamp(3rem,6.2vw,6.8rem); line-height:.98; letter-spacing:-.055em; }
.timeline-detail-lead .eyebrow { color:var(--gold-light); }

@media(max-width:1100px){
  .primary-nav{gap:14px}.primary-nav a{font-size:.65rem;letter-spacing:.1em}
  .page-hero-meta{display:none}.chapter-intro{grid-template-columns:.18fr 1fr 1fr}.profile-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}
  .rank-grid,.government-grid,.battle-list{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}.status-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}.culture-pillar-grid,.words-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}
}
@media(max-width:1000px){
  .content-shell{width:min(calc(100% - 48px),var(--max-width))}
  .chapter-intro,.story-grid,.narrative-section,.collapse-section,.timeline-overview,.world-intro,.figures-intro,.warfare-intro,.empire-intro,.city-grid,.trade-section,.figure-spotlight,.equipment-section,.imperial-map,.pax-grid,.society-intro,.household-section,.voices-section,.culture-intro,.art-section,.spectacle-section,.culture-legacy-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}
  .chapter-number{display:none}.story-panel{padding:40px 0}.story-image,.collapse-image,.city-image,.equipment-image{min-height:520px}
  .narrative-columns{columns:1}.province-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.rank-grid,.government-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}
  .campaign-grid,.era-cards{grid-template-columns:1fr}.campaign-card{min-height:240px}.battle-list{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}
  .map-copy{padding:70px 7vw}.map-graphic{min-height:560px}.household-image,.art-image{min-height:540px}.status-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}
  .figure-detail-hero,.timeline-detail-hero,.society-detail-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr}.figure-detail-portrait,.timeline-detail-date,.society-detail-record{min-height:65svh;max-height:760px}.figure-detail-lead,.timeline-detail-lead,.society-detail-lead{padding:75px 7vw 90px}.figure-breadcrumb{margin-bottom:45px}.figure-article{grid-template-columns:1fr;max-width:800px}.figure-article-meta{position:static;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:30px}.figure-article-meta .section-kicker,.figure-article-meta h2{grid-column:1}.figure-article-meta dl{grid-column:2;grid-row:1/4}.figure-article-meta>a{grid-column:1}
}
@media(max-width:700px){
  .content-shell{width:calc(100% - 48px)}.page-hero{min-height:72svh;padding:120px 24px 60px}.page-hero h1{font-size:clamp(3rem,14vw,5rem)}
  .story-stripe{padding:70px 0}.story-image,.collapse-image,.city-image,.equipment-image{min-height:390px}.collapse-copy,.spotlight-copy,.equipment-copy{padding:60px 24px}
  .pull-quote{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:28px 0}.next-chapter{display:block;padding:30px 24px}.next-chapter a{min-width:0;width:100%}
  .chronology::before{left:7px}.chronology-item{grid-template-columns:15px 1fr;gap:20px}.chronology-date{grid-column:2;text-align:left;font-size:1.25rem}.chronology-marker{grid-column:1;grid-row:1/3}.chronology-copy{grid-column:2}
  .timeline-banner{display:block;padding:70px 24px}.timeline-banner .button{margin-top:25px}.province-card{min-height:330px}
  .gallery-heading{display:grid;align-items:start}.figure-search{width:100%}.profile-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.profile-card{min-height:520px}.profile-image{height:410px}.spotlight-quote{min-height:460px;padding:45px 24px}
  .rank-grid,.government-grid,.battle-list,.transformation-grid,.status-grid,.daily-grid,.culture-pillar-grid,.words-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.rank-card,.government-card,.battle-list>div{min-height:250px}.status-card,.culture-pillar,.word-card{min-height:280px}.status-card h3,.culture-pillar h3,.word-card h3{margin-top:55px}
  .campaign-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.battle-banner,.legacy-callout,.citizenship-banner,.architecture-culture-banner{padding:70px 24px;min-height:560px}.map-graphic{min-height:430px}.household-image,.art-image{min-height:390px}.household-copy,.art-copy{padding:60px 24px}
  .figure-detail-portrait,.timeline-detail-date,.society-detail-record{min-height:58svh}.figure-detail-lead,.timeline-detail-lead,.society-detail-lead{padding:60px 24px 75px}.figure-detail-lead h1,.timeline-detail-lead h1,.society-detail-lead h1{font-size:clamp(2.7rem,12vw,4.8rem)}.figure-article{width:calc(100% - 48px);padding-top:75px;padding-bottom:95px}.figure-article-meta{display:block}.figure-record-navigation{grid-template-columns:1fr}.figure-record-navigation>span{display:none}.figure-record-navigation>a,.figure-record-navigation>a:last-child{min-height:155px;text-align:left;border-right:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
  .feature-list span,.trade-stats div,.equipment-list article,.society-facts article,.art-forms article,.spectacle-list span{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:5px}.society-topic-nav .content-shell{width:100%;padding-inline:12px}.society-topic-nav a{padding:18px 16px}.footer-brand .button{margin-top:25px}
}

/* Archive search */
.search-site-header { position:absolute; background:var(--ink); }
.search-main { min-height:80svh; padding-top:var(--header-height); }
.search-heading { padding-top:clamp(70px,8vw,120px); padding-bottom:clamp(55px,7vw,90px); }
.search-heading h1 { max-width:900px; margin:0 0 42px; font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:5rem; line-height:.98; letter-spacing:0; text-transform:uppercase; }
.archive-search { max-width:900px; }
.archive-search > label { display:block; margin-bottom:10px; color:var(--muted); font-size:.68rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:0; text-transform:uppercase; }
.archive-search-row { display:grid; grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto; border-bottom:2px solid var(--ink); }
.archive-search-row input { min-width:0; padding:17px 4px; border:0; outline:0; color:var(--ink); background:transparent; font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:1.35rem; }
.archive-search-row input::placeholder { color:#8b877d; }
.archive-search-row .button { margin-bottom:8px; }
.search-results { padding-bottom:clamp(90px,10vw,150px); }
.search-results-header { display:flex; align-items:end; justify-content:space-between; gap:40px; padding:32px 0 30px; border-top:1px solid var(--line); }
.search-results-header .section-kicker { margin-bottom:9px; }
.search-results-header h2 { margin:0; font-size:2.6rem; }
.search-filters { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; justify-content:flex-end; gap:8px; }
.search-filters a { padding:10px 13px; border:1px solid var(--line); color:var(--muted); font-size:.66rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:0; text-transform:uppercase; transition:border-color .2s ease,color .2s ease,background .2s ease; }
.search-filters a:hover,.search-filters a:focus-visible,.search-filters a.active { border-color:var(--red); color:white; background:var(--red); }
.search-result-list { border-top:1px solid var(--line); }
.search-result { border-bottom:1px solid var(--line); }
.search-result > a { display:grid; grid-template-columns:70px minmax(0,1fr) 130px; gap:28px; align-items:center; min-height:210px; padding:30px 8px; transition:padding .25s ease,background .25s ease; }
.search-result > a:hover,.search-result > a:focus-visible { padding-right:22px; padding-left:22px; background:rgba(255,255,255,.48); }
.search-result-index { align-self:start; padding-top:3px; color:var(--red); font-family:"Cinzel",serif; font-size:1.25rem; opacity:.45; }
.search-result-meta { display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:10px 18px; align-items:center; margin-bottom:11px; }
.search-result-meta span { color:var(--red); font-size:.67rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:0; text-transform:uppercase; }
.search-result-meta small { color:var(--muted); font-size:.72rem; }
.search-result-copy h3 { margin:0 0 12px; font-size:1.75rem; }
.search-result-copy p { max-width:850px; margin:0; color:var(--muted); font-size:.92rem; }
.search-result-action { display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:flex-end; gap:12px; color:var(--red); font-size:.66rem; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:0; text-transform:uppercase; }
.search-result-action i { font-size:1.2rem; font-style:normal; transition:transform .2s ease; }
.search-result > a:hover .search-result-action i { transform:translateX(5px); }
.search-message { padding:clamp(35px,5vw,65px); border:1px solid var(--line); background:rgba(255,255,255,.35); }
.search-message h3 { margin:0 0 12px; font-size:1.55rem; }
.search-message p { max-width:680px; margin:0; color:var(--muted); }

@media(max-width:900px){
  .search-results-header { display:grid; align-items:start; }
  .search-filters { justify-content:flex-start; }
}

@media(max-width:700px){
  .search-heading { padding-top:65px; }
  .search-heading h1 { font-size:3rem; }
  .search-results-header h2 { font-size:1.8rem; }
  .search-result-copy h3 { font-size:1.4rem; }
  .archive-search-row { grid-template-columns:1fr; border-bottom:0; }
  .archive-search-row input { border-bottom:2px solid var(--ink); }
  .archive-search-row .button { width:100%; margin:14px 0 0; }
  .search-result > a { grid-template-columns:42px minmax(0,1fr); gap:14px; min-height:0; padding:27px 0; }
  .search-result-action { grid-column:2; justify-content:flex-start; }
  .search-result-index { grid-row:1/3; }
}

/* Keep the dedicated timeline detail page responsive after its stylesheet loads. */
@media(max-width:1000px){
  .page-timeline-detail .timeline-detail-hero{grid-template-columns:1fr}
  .page-timeline-detail .timeline-detail-date{min-height:65svh;max-height:760px}
}

@media(max-width:700px){
  .page-timeline-detail .timeline-detail-date{min-height:58svh}
}